Individuals suffering with a Personality Disorder have consistent difficulties relating or responding to people and/or stressful situations. They have unhealthy patterns to their thinking and behavior, especially when it comes to social encounters. It is challenging and frustrating for these people because, to them, their thinking and behavior is normal and they feel consistently misunderstood by others. There are different types and categories, with varying symptoms, but the main characteristic of a Personality Disorder is the inability to maintain healthy relationships.
Types of Personality Disorders
Each type is divided into 4 categories, known as “Clusters” with specific characteristics.
Cluster A: Odd or eccentric thinking or behavior
Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Distrusting of others
- Guarded, suspicious, and fearful
- Unforgiving, withdrawn, holds grudges
- Threatened over misperceived insights/insults
- Angry and unnecessary hostile reactions
- Tendency to be withdrawn from people, making it challenging to engage in close relationships
Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Introverted, focusing on inner thoughts and feelings
- Aloof, detached, lacking emotional response
- Difficulties maintaining interpersonal relationships
- Lacking intimacy
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Odd choice of appearance, thoughts, and speech/behavior
- “Magical thinking,” the belief their thoughts can influence the world
- Social anxiety, assuming intentions of others are harmful
- Believing random events/situations have hidden agendas specific to them.
- Higher potential to developing Schizophrenia
Cluster B: Overly emotional, dramatic, unpredictable thinking/behavior
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Angry, violent, aggressive
- More common in men than women
- Impulsive
- Turbulent and short lived social relationships
- Trouble with the law
- Disregard for other’s feelings/needs
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Lacking sense of self
- Struggles with feelings of emptiness/abandonment
- Emotionally unstable, erratic bursts of anger, impulsive behaviors
- Unstable and intense relationships
- Suicidal threats, incidences of self harm
- May result from childhood trauma, sexual abuse
- Mood swings, often reactions to interpersonal stress
- More common in women than men
Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Lacking self worth
- Depends on attention and approval of others
- Extremely emotional or dramatic for attention
- Lacking sincerity, superficial
- Sensitive to criticism and rejection
- Reacts badly to loss or failure
- Very focused on physical appearance
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Holds high self importance, sense of entitlement
- Desires to be admired
- Lacks empathy, selfish, self absorbed
- Arrogant, intolerant, insensitive
- Seeks revenge, prone to destructive anger
- Fantasizes about power and success
- Envies other or believes others envy them
- Feels superior to others
Cluster C: Anxious or fearful thoughts/behaviors
Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Extremely sensitive and shy
- Fears criticism, embarrassment, and rejection
- Feels inadequate, unattractive, or inferior
- Avoids new activities, situations, or relationships
- Avoids taking risks
- Also associated with anxiety disorders
Dependent Personality Disorder
- Lacks self confidence
- Extremely dependent on others
- Struggles with and needs help making decisions
- Fears abandonment resulting in submissive or clingy behavior in relationships
- Feels inadequate and helpless
- Fears disapproval
- Puts their fate in the hands of others
Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder
- Separate from OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder, an anxiety disorder) which is excessive preoccupation with details, rules, order, etc.
- Doubtful, cautious, rigid
- Anxiety caused by feelings of lacking control
- Intolerant to “grey areas,” sees things as either absolutely right or wrong
- Unreasonable, high standards
- Needs to be in control of people/situations
- Relationships struggle with inflexible demands
If you relate to these symptoms or think you might be suffering from a Personality Disorder, please seek professional help. Contact a medical professional at Crownview Medical Group who can help you live life as your best self.
References:
- Hide and seek: Understanding self-deception, self-sabotage, and more. (2012, May 29). Psychology Today. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/the-10-personality-disorders
- Get information: personality disorders. (n.d.). Mental Health America. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://www.nmha.org/go/information/get-info/personality-disorders
- Personality disorders. (2010, September 10). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/personality-disorders/DS00562
Dr. Melden earned his Doctorate in Osteopathic Medicine at Philadelphia College Osteopathic Medicine and went to USC Presbyterian Hospital for his residency in Family Medicine. He then completed his Psychiatric residency at the University of California, Irvine and went to UCSD Geropsychiatry pursuing a fellowship. Dr. Melden has over 14 years of experience as a clinician specializing in treating child and adolescent, adult and geriatric clients. He has devoted his life to psychiatry in a variety of different treatment settings including in- patient and out-patient environments. He specializes in the psychiatric evaluation, complementary therapy approaches, and medical management of individuals suffering from mental illness. Currently, he maintains a private practice with Crownview Medical Group in Coronado and Carlsbad, California where he is CEO/President.